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KMID : 0381120230450121489
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Genes and Genomics
2023 Volume.45 No. 12 p.1489 ~ p.1508
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Proteome based analysis of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants: approach to a universal vaccine candidate
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Elena S. George
Taiwo Ooreoluwa Ojo
Seun Elijah Olufemi
Boluwatife Ayobami Irewolede
Daniel Adewole Adediran
Asegunloluwa Grace Abiala
Oluwaseun Samuel Hezekiah
Akindele Felix Idowu
Yinmi Gabriel Oladeji
Mary Omotoyinbo Ikuomola
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Abstract
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The discovery of the first infectious variant in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has posed concerns over global health due to the spread of COVID-19 and subsequent variants. While the majority of patients experience flu-like symptoms such as cold and fever, a small percentage, particularly those with compromised immune systems, progress from mild illness to fatality. COVID-19 is caused by a RNA virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our approach involved utilizing immunoinformatic to identify vaccine candidates with multiple epitopes and ligand-binding regions in reported SARS-CoV-2 variants. Through analysis of the spike glycoprotein, we identified dominant epitopes for T-cells and B-cells, resulting in a vaccine construct containing two helper T-cell epitopes, six cytotoxic T-cell epitopes, and four linear B-cell epitopes. Prior to conjugation with adjuvants and linkers, all epitopes were evaluated for antigenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity. Additionally, we assessed the vaccine Toll-Like Receptors complex (2, 3, and 4). The vaccine construct demonstrated antigenicity, non-toxicity, and non-allergenicity, thereby enabling the host to generate antibodies with favorable physicochemical characteristics. Furthermore, the 3D structure of the B-cell construct exhibited a ProSA-web z-score plot with a value of -1.71, indicating the reliability of the designed structure. The Ramachandran plot analysis revealed that 99.6% of the amino acid residues in the vaccine subunit were located in the high favored observation region, further establishing its strong candidacy as a vaccination option.
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KEYWORD
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Covid-19, SARS-Cov-2, Variant, Vaccine, Immunoinformatic, Multi-epitope
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